Routing
Pengertian Routing Routing adalah tata cara atau metode yang digunakan untuk merutekan paket data yang akan ditransfer dari network satu ke network yang lain. Atau dengan kata lain, router ini mencarikan jalur/route untuk paket data ini bisa sampai ketujuannya. Sedangkan router adalah alatnya. Alat untuk merutekan paket data agar bisa sampai ke tujuannya. Macam-macam Routing Ada 3 cara agar paket data bisa sampai ke network tujuannya, yakni : a. Statis Route Static Route adalah konsep routing di mana admin harus entri data ke table routing. Admin harus memasukkan source address dan destination address, sehingga paket data bisa sampai ke network tujuannya. Kelebihan Static Route : - Efisiansi resource router karena tidak perlu update table routing. - Secure/aman - Terpercaya, karena pengiriman paket data langsung ke tujuannya. Kekurangan Static Route: - Tidak efektif dalam hal memasukkan data ke table routing. - Jaringan terbatas - Human error b. Default Route Default Route adalah metode pengiriman paket data di mana admin tidak perlu mengentri data ke table routing. Admin cukup mengentri satu alamat router terdekatnya. Kelebihan Default Route: - Irit resource karena tidak perlu entri data dan tidak perlu updating - Kerja cepat Kekurangan Default Route: - Keamanan kurang karena router yang di tuju belum tentu terperccaya - Ketergantungan terhadap router lain c. Dynamic Route Dynamic route ini hamper sama dengan default route. Hanya saja kalau dynamic ini selalu update information dari router lain. Kelebihan Dynamic Route: - Ada banyak cara untuk merutekan paket datanya - Memberikan layanan yang terbaik - Jaringan luas - Perubahan pada table routing secara otomatis - Tidak memerlukan admin untuk memenajemen table routing Kekurangan Dynamic Route: - Ketergantungan terhadap router lain - Keamana kurang - Performa jaringan menurun karena adanya queueu (antrian) serta bottle neck ( pengiriman data berjalan lambat karena adanya penumpukan paket data ). PRACTICE 13/01/2009 Packet Yracer 4.1 Untuk mengatur sebuah router(Cisco), kita bisa masuk pada CLI yang ada pada router. Setelah masuk, maka akan ada tampilan seperti di bawah ini System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. PT 1001 (PTSC2005) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory Self decompressing the image : ##################################################################### [OK] Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013. cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) PT1000 Software (PT1000-I-M), Version 12.2(28), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc5) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Wed 27-Apr-04 19:01 by miwang PT 1001 (PTSC2005) processor (revision 0x200) with 60416K/5120K bytes of memory . Processor board ID PT0123 (0123) PT2005 processor: part number 0, mask 01 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 4 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Low-speed serial(sync/async) network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) --- System Configuration Dialog --- Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Press RETURN to get started! Ketikkan no jika kita ingin setting router tanpa runtutan perintah dari Cisco. Mulailah set router. 1. Untuk mengubah dari user biasa menjadi super user atau jika kita set Cisco router maka sering disebut Previledge Exec Mode, maka langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut Router>enable (enter) Maka akan menjadi Router# 2. untuk konfigurasi/pengaturan router kita masuk ke configure terminal Router#config ter Router#config terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# 3. untuk mengganti nama router saat setting router, adalah sbb Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)# 4. untuk mengatur gateaway, caranya R1(config)#inter R1(config)#interface fa0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit 5. Untuk mengatur alamat serial router 1 adalah sbb R1(config)#int R1(config)#interface fa2/0 R1(config-if)#ip add R1(config-if)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 R1(config-if)#no shut R1(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit 6. untuk menyimpan settingan router, adalah R1#copy run sta R1#copy run startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK] 7. Untuk melihat startup-config R1#show startup-config Using 558 bytes version 12.2 no service password-encryption hostname R1 interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.240 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.224 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet2/0 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.248 duplex auto speed auto interface Serial3/0 no ip address shutdown interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown ip classless line con 0 line vty 0 4 login end 8. Untuk melihat running-config R1#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 558 bytes version 12.2 no service password-encryption hostname R1 interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.240 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.224 duplex auto speed auto interface FastEthernet2/0 ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.248 duplex auto speed auto interface Serial3/0 no ip address shutdown interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown ip classless line con 0 line vty 0 4 login end 9. untuk melihat berbagai hal yang bisa kita lakukan untuk setting router R1#? Exec commands: <1-99> Session number to resume clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC logout Exit from the EXEC no Disable debugging informations ping Send echo messages reload Halt and perform a cold restart resume Resume an active network connection setup Run the SETUP command facility show Show running system information telnet Open a telnet connection traceroute Trace route to destination undebug Disable debugging functions (see also 'debug') write Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal dll 10. untuk melihat hal2 yang bisa dilakukan pada saat konfigurasi R1(config)#? Configure commands: access-list Add an access list entry banner Define a login banner boot Modify system boot parameters cdp Global CDP configuration subcommands clock Configure time-of-day clock config-register Define the configuration register enable Modify enable password parameters end Exit from configure mode exit Exit from configure mode hostname Set system's network name interface Select an interface to configure ip Global IP configuration subcommands line Configure a terminal line no Negate a command or set its defaults router Enable a routing process service Modify use of network based services username Establish User Name Authentication 11. perintah show R1#show ? access-lists List access lists arp Arp table cdp CDP information clock Display the system clock controllers Interface controllers status debugging State of each debugging option flash: display information about flash: file system frame-relay Frame-Relay information history Display the session command history hosts IP domain-name, lookup style, nameservers, and host table interfaces Interface status and configuration ip IP information protocols Active network routing protocols running-config Current operating configuration sessions Information about Telnet connections startup-config Contents of startup configuration tcp Status of TCP connections users Display information about terminal lines version System hardware and software status 12. Untuk melihat interfaces yang terpasang R1#show int R1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Lance, address is 000a.f37b.1747 (bia 000a.f37b.1747) Internet address is 172.16.1.1/28 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00, Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue :0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 13. hal-hal yang bisa dilakukan saat show interfaces R1#show interfaces ? Ethernet IEEE 802.3 FastEthernet FastEthernet IEEE 802.3 GigabitEthernet GigabitEthernet IEEE 802.3z Loopback Loopback interface Serial Serial
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